塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地建立农业生态体系的初步研究

塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地生态条件恶劣 ,建立农业生态体系需采取特别的措施。两年试验表明 ,供试 71种作物大部分适应性较差 ,蔬菜产量相对较低 ;能量的产投比低 ,养分的利用率低。因此 ,在塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地建立农业生态体系时 ,应采取科学的田间管理措施 ,充分利用地力     

流动沙丘表面输沙率的理论计算方程

本文研究流动沙丘表面上输沙率的理论计算，得出输沙率是风速的二次函数且与沙丘表面沙粒平均粒度的１．４３次方成反比的新结论。     

Enzymatic Maceration of Witloof Chicory by the Soft Rot Bacteria Erwinia carotovora Subsp. carotovora: The Effect of Nitrogen and Calcium Treatments of the Plant on Pectic Enzyme Production and Disease Development

Disease incidence of bacterial soft rot caused by Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora and activities of bacterial pectolytic enzymes were studied in witloof chicory. Disease incidence after forcing of the chicory heads was enhanced by the nitrogen treatment and reduced by the calcium treatment of the chicory plants prior to forcing. Significant differences in susceptibility to bacterial soft rot were found for the tested chicory cultivars. Disease severity after 96h ranged from 6% in Clause R2 to 100% in Bea and Tabor. Chicory cultivars Rumba and Salsa showed a final average severity of 65–70%. Activity of the pectolytic enzymes, polygalacturonase and pectate lyase increased in artificially inoculated chicory heads of cultivar Rumba and was not affected by calcium and nitrogen treatments of the plants. Polygalacturonase showed highest activity 48h after inoculation while pectate lyase activity increased throughout 72h of incubation. Maceration of the chicory tissue and bacterial growth increased continuously until 96h after inoculation, when more than 60% of the chicory heads was macerated by pectolytic enzymes of the bacteria. Enzyme activity of Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora grown on chicory cell wall extracts was influenced by nitrogen and calcium treatments of the chicory plants. The activity of polygalacturonase reached its highest level at 48h after incubation and pectate lyase activity peaked at 24h followed by a continuous decrease until 72h after inoculation.     

Practical usefulness of a therapeutic soft contact lens for a corneal ulcer in a racehorse

Therapeutic soft contact lenses (TSCL) were applied to a thoroughbred racehorse with corneal ulcer refractory to topical medication. The insertion of the TSCL was conducted on day 36 using a nose twitch under sedation, auriculopalpebral nerve block, and topical anesthesia. The lens was retained, with the duration of wear lasting 114 days. Ocular pain improved immediately and fluorescein tests were negative 17 days after insertion. The horse was able to undergo training and ran in two races while wearing the TSCL. Thus a TSCL was found to be clinically useful for treating corneal ulcers in racehorses.     

河西走廊绿洲外围沙化草地固沙造林效果研究

通过对流动沙丘固沙造林效果的对比研究,结果发现:未固沙造林的沙丘,丘间低地是以芦苇和赖草为优势种的原生群落,沙丘迎风坡植被稀疏,不形成植物群落,而实施固沙造林技术20年后的沙丘,虽丘间低地群落组成成分变化不大,但流动沙丘被完全固定,中下部形成以引入固沙灌木柠条锦鸡儿、花棒为优势种的人工植物群落,植物种类增加,生产力提高,草地生态系统得到有效恢复。固沙造林沙丘与未固沙造林沙丘相比,丘间低地群落高度增加51.6%,产草量增加12.6%,盖度增加4.7%,多度无变化,密度提高15%,物种丰富度指数提高25%,均匀度指数提高34.8%;迎风坡下部群落高度增加87.1%,产草量增加13%,多度提高一个等级,密度增加15%,物种丰富度指数提高228%,均匀度指数提高22.8%;迎风坡中部群落高度增加453.7%,产草量增加64.5%,多度提高一个等级,密度增加128.9%,物种丰富度指数提高616%,均匀度指数提高33.3%;迎风坡上部植被非常稀疏,不形成群落,植株平均高度25.3 cm,产草量增加206.8%,多度提高一个等级,密度增加550%,物种丰富度指数提高800%,均匀度指数提高66.7%。     

我国文化体制改革的人本原则

我国文化事业体制和机制的僵化导致了一系列的问题。发展我国文化事业必须坚持“以人为本”的原则，即遵循文化企事业单位和文化市场的发展规律，通过人本身的知识、能力和创新技术创造出文化产品和服务来充分满足人的精神文化需求，从而最终达到人的全面发展。     

浑善达克沙地公路综合防护技术及其效益分析

浑善达克沙地省际通道综合防护体系包括:公路沙害快速治理和沙源控制技术及耐风沙植被建植技术。阻沙带、固沙带改变了风沙流结构,降低了输沙强度,增加了地表粗糙度,有效的起到了削弱风速,阻截流沙,控制沙丘前移,保持地表稳定的作用;建立稳定的耐风沙植被是持久固沙和生物防护的核心;首次大规模使用“固沙网”专利技术产品用于公路快速固沙保苗,实践证明采用固沙网与柳条立式沙障的组合固沙技术对于快速固沙和植被恢复的作用更加显著;并提出了公路沙害快速治理技术体系与配套的技术措施。项目实施过程中3年投入产出比为1∶2.6,通过公路沙害治理工程的实施,稳定防护10年的经济总收益为4.67亿元;如将挖方路堑段砂质陡坡用植物固沙措施代替传统石砌护面墙技术推广至其它工程,效益更为显著。该项目技术研究与工程建设紧密结合,操作性强,能快速有效治理荒漠化地区公路沙害,总结出了沙区公路、铁路沙害的治理模式,对于我国荒漠化治理有推广应用价值。     

沙棘植物柔性坝坝体变形初步分析

本文基于2005年在内蒙古准格尔旗西召沟小流域对已植的沙棘柔性坝进行野外调查,从植物生长角度对沙棘柔性坝坝体进行了纵向、横向、垂向(即沙棘柔性坝坝长、坝宽、坝高)的变形分析。对于沙棘柔性坝的坝长变化,主要从沙棘根系蘖苗萌生出发,分析得出其每年扩展约1m;柔性坝坝宽受沟宽限制,其发展趋势为扩展至满沟;柔性坝坝高变化采用三次函数和Logistic型函数两种具有“S”形特征的曲线进行拟合分析,经对比其变化过程服从Logistic型生长函数,并结合Logistic函数对沙棘植物柔性坝坝高的变化进行了具体意义的探讨。     

渭河下游水沙变化趋势分析

本文通过对近6年渭河下游水沙量数据的统计和分析得出,渭河下游河段年内多沙期较河流主汛期有所提前;年径流量和年输沙量的变化趋势基本一致,而且自60年代至2005年华县站的水沙量持续呈递减趋势;河流的冲淤情况与该河段的降雨量有着直接的关系,当年平均降雨量小的时候河流以淤积为主,当年平均降雨量大的时候河流以冲蚀为主。针对这些特征,分析了渭河下游目前存在的主要问题。     

沙漠地区风沙活动特征——以中国科学院风沙观测场为例

运用中国科学院风沙科学观测场的实测资料,对腾格里沙漠风沙环境特征进行初步分析,内容包括起沙风、风沙活动强度、风沙流结构和沙漠边界层的风速廓线.该地区的起沙风以6～8 m/s为主,占总起沙风的71.63%,其次为8～10 m/s,占19.24%,两者之和占90.87%;大风日数为4天;风向以W-N组风向为主;占全年的53.14%.年输沙势为36.56VU,风能属于低风能环境,单一主风向和单风态风环境.风沙流主要集中在地表的0.1 m,占总输沙量的95.46%.观测场近地层厚度大于50 m.